Guilt

Guilt is a self-conscious emotion centered on believing one has caused harm or violated a moral standard. It focuses on a perceived wrongful action rather than a globally bad self.

Moral responsibility: The condition of being answerable for actions or their consequences under moral standards. Guilt often depends on judging oneself responsible for a harmful or wrongful act.
Shame: A self-conscious emotion involving a painful sense that the self is defective or exposed. Guilt evaluates a particular action, while shame more often condemns the whole self.
Survivor guilt: Guilt experienced by someone who survives when others die or suffer in a shared event. It shows how guilt can arise from survival even without causing the loss.
Moral norms: Shared or personal standards that distinguish conduct considered right from conduct considered wrong. A perceived violation of a moral norm is one common source of guilt.
Collective guilt: Guilt felt by members of a group for harms committed by that group or its predecessors. It raises questions about responsibility for wrongdoing committed by other group members.
Counterfactual thinking: The mental process of imagining alternatives to events that have already occurred. Guilt can grow from imagining that a different choice would have prevented harm.
Remorse: Deep regret and sorrow over having done something wrong or harmful. Remorse is often more intense and enduring than guilt, though the terms overlap.
Guilt complex: A persistent pattern of excessive or disproportionate guilt that disrupts well-being. It describes guilt that continues beyond a proportionate response to specific actions.
Agency: The capacity to act intentionally and bring about change through one's actions. Guilt is less likely when a person believes they lacked control over the outcome.
Moral luck: The influence of factors beyond an agent's control on moral judgment of that agent's conduct. Different outcomes can produce different guilt even when the choices were alike.

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