Gulab Singh

Gulab Singh (1792–1857) was the founder and first maharaja of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, ruling from 1846 until his death.

Treaty of Amritsar (1846): An 1846 treaty between the British East India Company and Gulab Singh that recognized his rule over Jammu and Kashmir. It established his sovereignty over Kashmir after the First Anglo-Sikh War.
Maharaja Ranjit Singh: The founder of the Sikh Empire, who ruled Punjab from 1799 until his death in 1839. Ranjit Singh elevated Gulab Singh and granted him Jammu as a jagir.
Dogra conquest of Ladakh: The military campaigns through which Dogra forces brought Ladakh under Jammu’s control in the 1830s. These campaigns expanded the territorial base Gulab Singh later ruled.
Kashmir conflict: The enduring political and territorial dispute over the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. The princely state Gulab Singh founded became the core territory contested after 1947.
Treaty of Lahore (1846): The treaty ending the First Anglo-Sikh War, under which the Sikh Empire ceded territory and accepted a large indemnity. Its terms set up the transfer of Kashmir to Gulab Singh.
Dhian Singh: A Dogra noble who served as prime minister of the Sikh Empire under Ranjit Singh. Gulab Singh’s brother helped the Dogra family gain influence at the Lahore court.
Sikh Empire: A South Asian empire centered in Punjab, founded by Ranjit Singh and lasting from the late eighteenth century to 1849. Gulab Singh’s rise and territorial acquisitions unfolded within its political system.
Partition of India: The 1947 division of British India into the independent states of India and Pakistan. Partition forced Gulab Singh’s successor to decide the princely state’s accession.
First Anglo-Sikh War: The 1845–1846 war between the Sikh Empire and the British East India Company. The Sikh defeat created the conditions for Gulab Singh’s acquisition of Kashmir.
Hira Singh: A Dogra noble and son of Dhian Singh who briefly served as prime minister of the Sikh Empire. His court power extended the family’s influence during the succession crises Gulab Singh navigated.

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Second Anglo-Sikh WarRelated: He remained outside the war and had gained Kashmir through the settlement that followed the First Anglo-Sikh War.