Gulf of St. Lawrence

The Gulf of St. Lawrence is a large inlet of the Atlantic Ocean in eastern Canada, where the St. Lawrence River meets the sea. It connects the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence River system with the Atlantic.

St. Lawrence River: A major river flowing from Lake Ontario through eastern Canada to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. It carries the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence waterway into the gulf.
St. Lawrence Estuary: The tidal transition zone where the St. Lawrence River widens toward the Gulf of St. Lawrence. It carries river water and Atlantic influence into the gulf.
Atlantic cod: A marine fish of the North Atlantic that supported major commercial fisheries for centuries. Cod once underpinned important fisheries throughout the gulf.
Mi'kmaq: An Indigenous people whose traditional territory includes much of Atlantic Canada and parts of Quebec and Maine. Mi'kmaq communities have enduring cultural and territorial connections to the gulf’s shores.
Great Lakes: A system of five large freshwater lakes on the Canada–United States border. Their drainage reaches the Atlantic through the river system entering this gulf.
Estuarine circulation: A circulation pattern in which freshwater outflow and denser seawater move in opposing directions. Freshwater from the St. Lawrence helps drive layered exchange in the gulf.
Snow crab: A cold-water crab species harvested commercially in the North Atlantic and North Pacific. The gulf supports valuable snow crab fisheries.
Jacques Cartier: A French explorer who led voyages to northeastern North America in the 1530s and 1540s. His 1534 voyage explored the gulf and recorded its coast for France.
Cabot Strait: A strait between Cape Breton Island and Newfoundland connecting the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the Atlantic Ocean. It is the gulf’s principal deep-water outlet to the Atlantic.
Tidal range: The vertical difference between high tide and low tide at a location. Tides mix gulf waters and vary sharply around its coasts.

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