Guppy

The guppy (Poecilia reticulata) is a small live-bearing freshwater fish native to northeastern South America. Its colorful males, rapid reproduction, and adaptability have made it a common aquarium fish and a model in evolutionary research.

Poeciliidae: A family of small freshwater fishes that includes guppies, mollies, and swordtails. Guppies belong to this family of live-bearing fishes.
Internal fertilization: Fertilization in which sperm meets an egg inside the female's body. Male guppies transfer sperm with a modified anal fin called a gonopodium.
Aquarium: A water-filled enclosure used to keep and display aquatic organisms. Guppies are widely kept in home and public aquariums.
Trinidadian guppy: A guppy population from Trinidad, where streams differ in predator communities and habitat conditions. Trinidadian populations underpin influential comparisons of guppy adaptation to predation.
Invasive species: A non-native organism whose spread causes ecological, economic, or other harm. Introduced guppies can establish populations outside their native range, with ecological consequences.
Live-bearing: Reproduction in which embryos develop inside the parent and offspring are born alive. Female guppies give birth to free-swimming young rather than laying eggs.
Gonopodium: A modified anal fin used by males of some live-bearing fishes to transfer sperm. This specialized fin enables internal fertilization in guppies.
Selective breeding: The deliberate breeding of organisms to increase desired heritable traits. Aquarists have bred guppies for diverse colors, fin shapes, and patterns.
John Endler: An evolutionary ecologist known for research on natural and sexual selection, especially in guppies. Endler documented how predation relates to male guppy coloration in Trinidad.
Biological invasion: The spread and establishment of organisms in regions where they are not native. Aquarium releases and pest-control introductions have moved guppies into new waters.

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