Guru Gobind Singh

Guru Gobind Singh was the tenth Sikh Guru, leading the Sikh community from 1675 until his death in 1708. He established the Khalsa in 1699 and declared the Guru Granth Sahib the Sikhs’ eternal Guru.

Khalsa: The initiated Sikh community established by Guru Gobind Singh in 1699, marked by shared commitments and the Five Ks. Its founding at Anandpur Sahib became his most enduring institutional legacy.
Vaisakhi of 1699: The gathering at Anandpur Sahib where Guru Gobind Singh initiated the first members of the Khalsa. This public ceremony established the community central to his legacy.
Guru Tegh Bahadur: The ninth Sikh Guru and father of Guru Gobind Singh, executed in Delhi in 1675. His execution preceded Guru Gobind Singh’s accession and shaped the young Guru’s responsibilities.
Mughal Empire: A South Asian empire that ruled large parts of the subcontinent from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century. Its authorities and armies were central to the conflicts during Guru Gobind Singh’s leadership.
Guru Granth Sahib: The central Sikh scripture, regarded by Sikhs as the eternal living Guru. Guru Gobind Singh ended the line of human Sikh Gurus by affirming its enduring authority.
Battle of Chamkaur: A 1704 battle in which a small Sikh force led by Guru Gobind Singh resisted a much larger Mughal army. The battle became a defining episode in accounts of his resistance and sacrifice.
Mata Gujri: The mother of Guru Gobind Singh and grandmother of his four sons. Her life and death are closely connected to the family’s persecution during Mughal campaigns.
Anandpur Sahib: A city in Punjab founded by Guru Tegh Bahadur and an important center of Sikh history. Guru Gobind Singh developed it as a base for his community and founded the Khalsa there.
Five Ks: Five articles of faith traditionally worn by initiated Khalsa Sikhs: kes, kara, kanga, kachera, and kirpan. These visible commitments express the discipline associated with the Khalsa he founded.
Battle of Muktsar: A 1705 battle in which Sikh fighters defeated Mughal forces near Khidrana in Punjab. Its aftermath is linked to the reconciliation of the Forty Liberated Ones with Guru Gobind Singh.

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