Habsburg Netherlands

The Low Countries territories ruled by the Habsburg dynasty from the late fifteenth century until the Dutch Revolt divided them into northern and southern parts.

Burgundian Netherlands: The Low Countries territories assembled under the dukes of Burgundy during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. The Burgundian polity supplied the territories and institutions inherited by the Habsburgs.
States General of the Netherlands: An assembly of delegates from the provinces of the Low Countries, convened to discuss taxation and common affairs. It gave the provinces a forum for negotiating with Habsburg rulers.
Philip II of Spain: The Habsburg king of Spain who inherited the Netherlands from his father, Charles V. His attempts to enforce royal and religious authority intensified opposition in the provinces.
Dutch Republic: A federation of northern Dutch provinces that emerged from the revolt against Spanish Habsburg rule. It represented the independent north, unlike the Habsburg-held southern provinces.
Mary of Burgundy: The last Valois duchess of Burgundy, whose marriage to Maximilian of Austria transferred her inheritance to the Habsburg dynasty. Her marriage initiated Habsburg control of the Burgundian Low Countries.
Council of State of the Habsburg Netherlands: A central advisory council that assisted the Habsburg governor-general in governing the Netherlands. It formed part of the central administration imposed across diverse provinces.
Margaret of Parma: The Habsburg governor of the Netherlands from 1559 to 1567, appointed by Philip II. Her regency faced the early crisis that preceded open revolt.
Spanish Netherlands: The southern Low Countries governed by the Spanish Habsburgs after the northern provinces revolted. It remained under Habsburg rule as the north formed an independent republic.
Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor: The Habsburg ruler who became regent of the Burgundian Netherlands after Mary of Burgundy's death. He secured the inheritance and governed the territories for his son Philip.
Margaret of Austria, Duchess of Savoy: The Habsburg regent who governed the Netherlands from 1507 to 1530 on behalf of Charles V. Her regency developed central government while negotiating with provincial elites.

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