Hafizullah Amin

Hafizullah Amin was an Afghan communist politician who led Afghanistan from September to December 1979. Soviet forces killed him during their invasion.

People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan: A communist party founded in Afghanistan in 1965 that ruled the country from 1978 to 1992. Amin’s political career unfolded within this party, whose internal factions shaped his rise and fall.
Afghan communism: The communist political movement that sought to transform Afghanistan and governed from 1978 to 1992. Amin’s government pursued this movement’s program amid resistance and internal conflict.
Soviet–Afghan War: The war fought from 1979 to 1989 between Soviet forces and the Afghan government against insurgent groups. Amin’s killing coincided with the Soviet invasion that began this war.
Hafizullah Amin's death: The killing of Afghan leader Hafizullah Amin by Soviet forces during the assault on his Kabul residence on 27 December 1979. Accounts agree Soviet forces killed Amin, while details of the assault and his final moments vary.
Saur Revolution: The April 1978 coup in Afghanistan that brought the People’s Democratic Party to power. The coup elevated Amin and began the government whose turmoil defined his rule.
Afghan PDPA purges: Waves of arrests and executions carried out by Afghanistan’s communist government against suspected opponents and rivals. Repression under Amin intensified fear and resistance, weakening his government.
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan: The Soviet Union’s military intervention in Afghanistan beginning in December 1979. The invasion’s opening operation killed Amin and replaced his government.
Babrak Karmal's government: Afghanistan’s government under Babrak Karmal, established after the Soviet overthrow of Hafizullah Amin. Karmal’s Soviet-backed rule replaced Amin’s government and reversed its leadership.
Khalq: A radical faction of Afghanistan’s People’s Democratic Party, led by rural Pashtun communists. Amin belonged to Khalq, the faction that drove his ascent and opposed the rival Parcham faction.
Herat uprising: A March 1979 revolt in western Afghanistan against the communist government, suppressed with heavy casualties. The uprising exposed the government’s fragile control before Amin became president.

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