Haikai

Haikai is a comic and colloquial Japanese linked-verse tradition that developed into a broader poetic practice, including haiku and related forms.

Renga: Renga is a Japanese collaborative linked-verse form whose alternating stanzas follow formal rules. Haikai adapts renga’s linked-stanza structure while relaxing its courtly tone.
Sōgi: Sōgi was a fifteenth-century Japanese renga master associated with the refinement of linked verse. His renga tradition supplied the formal inheritance that haikai transformed.
Haiku: Haiku is a short Japanese poetic form that developed from the opening stanza of linked verse. Haiku emerged when haikai’s hokku became an independent poem.
Ushin renga: Ushin renga is a serious, elegant mode of Japanese linked verse associated with refined poetic subjects. Haikai distinguished itself through comic, colloquial departures from this elevated mode.
Hokku: Hokku is the opening stanza of a Japanese linked-verse poem, traditionally establishing season and setting. Haikai’s opening stanza later became the basis for the independent haiku.
Yamazaki Sōkan: Yamazaki Sōkan was a sixteenth-century Japanese poet known for comic linked verse. His work helped establish haikai as a distinct, popular poetic mode.
Haibun: Haibun is a Japanese literary form combining prose with haiku. Haikai poets used prose and verse together in travel writing and other works.
Yūgen: Yūgen is an aesthetic ideal of subtle, mysterious depth in Japanese art and literature. Haikai’s early comic register often diverged from the restrained depth associated with yūgen.
Kigo: A kigo is a word or phrase that signals a season in Japanese poetry. Seasonal reference remained a structuring convention even in haikai’s colloquial verse.
Matsunaga Teitoku: Matsunaga Teitoku was a seventeenth-century Japanese poet who founded the Teimon school of haikai. The Teimon school systematized haikai during its early Edo-period growth.

Linked from 8 pages