Hand

The hand is the terminal part of the upper limb, extending from the wrist through the palm to the fingers. Its bones, joints, muscles, and sensory nerves enable grasping, manipulation, and touch.

Carpal bones: The eight small bones that form the wrist and connect the forearm to the hand. They form the hand’s proximal framework and allow wrist movement.
Thumb opposition: The movement that brings the thumb across the palm toward the fingertips. It lets the hand hold objects between the thumb and fingers.
Precision grip: A grasp that holds or manipulates an object between the thumb and fingertips. It showcases the hand’s capacity for controlled, delicate manipulation.
Wrist: The joint region connecting the forearm to the hand, including the carpal bones and their articulations. It joins the hand to the forearm but is anatomically distinct from the palm and digits.
Metacarpal bones: The five long bones that connect the wrist’s carpal bones to the fingers. They form the palm’s supporting skeleton.
Grip strength: The force produced when the hand closes around or presses against an object. It measures the hand’s ability to maintain a forceful grasp.
Power grip: A grasp in which the fingers close around an object and the palm helps stabilize it. It uses the hand to hold objects firmly rather than manipulate them delicately.
Foot: The terminal part of the lower limb, adapted primarily for support and locomotion. Its bones parallel those of the hand, but its usual functions differ.
Phalanges: The bones of the digits; each finger has three, while each thumb has two. Their linked segments let the fingers and thumb bend.
Proprioception: The sense of body position and movement based on signals from muscles, tendons, and joints. It helps coordinate finger movements without constant visual monitoring.

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