Hans Asperger

Hans Asperger (1906–1980) was an Austrian pediatrician whose wartime work in Vienna described children with distinctive social and behavioral traits, contributing to the history of autism research.

Autistic psychopathy: Hans Asperger’s historical term for a pattern of social and behavioral traits he observed in some children. This was the diagnostic concept at the center of Asperger’s 1944 clinical account.
Viktor Frankl: An Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist who developed logotherapy and survived Nazi concentration camps. Frankl was a prominent Viennese psychiatrist in the same era, though not a collaborator in Asperger’s research.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: A classification manual published by the American Psychiatric Association for diagnosing mental disorders. DSM-5 discontinued Asperger’s disorder as a separate diagnosis in 2013.
Kanner syndrome: A historical label associated with Leo Kanner’s account of children with early-onset autism and substantial support needs. Kanner’s case descriptions differed from Asperger’s emphasis on fluent speech and uneven abilities.
Am Spiegelgrund: A children’s clinic in Vienna where children were subjected to Nazi-era medical abuse and killing. Asperger referred children to this institution, a central issue in assessments of his wartime conduct.
George Frankl: A Viennese physician who emigrated to the United States and worked with Leo Kanner. Frankl connected Viennese child psychiatry to Kanner’s Baltimore clinic and its autism research.
ICD-11: The World Health Organization’s eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases. ICD-11 classifies autism spectrum disorder without a separate Asperger syndrome diagnosis.
Autism spectrum: The range of autistic traits and support needs recognized within contemporary clinical and social frameworks. The spectrum model contrasts with older attempts to separate Asperger’s cases from other autism presentations.
Herwig Czech: An Austrian historian whose archival research examined Asperger’s conduct under Nazi rule. Czech’s research documented referrals and decisions that complicated Asperger’s postwar reputation.
Lorna Wing: A British psychiatrist whose work helped establish the autism spectrum concept and popularize Asperger syndrome. Wing revived attention to Asperger’s descriptions while broadening autism beyond Kanner’s original account.

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