Harry S. Truman

Harry S. Truman was the 33rd president of the United States, serving from 1945 to 1953. His presidency encompassed the end of World War II and the early Cold War.

Truman Doctrine: The 1947 policy declaring U.S. support for peoples resisting subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressures. Truman announced it to justify aid to Greece and Turkey and contain Soviet influence.
Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki: The U.S. nuclear attacks on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. Truman authorized the attacks while seeking Japan’s surrender and ending the Pacific war.
Franklin D. Roosevelt: The 32nd president of the United States, who led the country from 1933 until his death in 1945. Truman became president after Roosevelt’s death, with little prior preparation for the wartime leadership role.
Dewey–Truman election: The 1948 U.S. presidential election, in which Truman defeated Republican nominee Thomas E. Dewey. The upset victory contradicted polls and forecasts that portrayed Truman as certain to lose.
Marshall Plan: A U.S. program that provided economic aid to rebuild Western Europe after World War II. Truman backed the plan as a response to European hardship and communist political gains.
Potsdam Conference: A 1945 meeting of Allied leaders that addressed postwar Europe and demanded Japan’s surrender. Truman met Stalin and Churchill at Potsdam as wartime cooperation gave way to rivalry.
Joseph Stalin: The Soviet leader who ruled the Soviet Union from the late 1920s until 1953. Their encounters over postwar Europe marked the breakdown of the wartime alliance.
Steel seizure case: A 1952 U.S. Supreme Court decision rejecting Truman’s seizure of steel mills during a labor dispute. The ruling limited Truman’s claim that wartime powers authorized domestic seizure without congressional approval.
National Security Act of 1947: A U.S. law that reorganized national defense and created the Department of Defense, CIA, and National Security Council. It institutionalized the expanded national-security apparatus under Truman.
Berlin Blockade: The Soviet Union’s 1948–1949 blockade of land routes to West Berlin, countered by an Allied airlift. Truman’s administration sustained West Berlin through an airlift rather than abandoning the city or forcing a land confrontation.

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