Head of state

A head of state is the chief public representative of a sovereign state. The office may be ceremonial, executive, or both, and is distinct from the head of government in some political systems.

Sovereign state: A political entity with a permanent population, defined territory, government, and capacity to conduct relations with other states. Statehood defines the political entity represented by its head.
Presidential system: A system in which a president serves as head of state and government, separately from the legislature. This design combines the two chief offices in an elected president.
King Charles III: The reigning king of the United Kingdom and several other Commonwealth realms since 2022. He illustrates a monarch whose head-of-state role is largely constitutional and ceremonial.
State visit: A formal diplomatic visit by a head of state to another country, usually hosted by that country's head of state. Such visits make the office's representational and diplomatic role visible.
Head of government: The official who leads a state's government and directs its executive administration. Some systems assign government leadership to a different officeholder.
Parliamentary system: A system in which the government depends on the confidence of the legislature. Its head of state is commonly distinct from the parliamentary government's leader.
President of the United States: The elected official who serves as both head of state and head of government of the United States. The office combines national representation with extensive executive authority.
Government formation: The process of selecting and establishing a government after an election or a government's collapse. A head of state may appoint a prime minister or invite a party to form a government.
Constitutional monarchy: A monarchy in which constitutional rules limit or structure the monarch's political authority. Its monarch often serves as head of state while elected officials govern.
Semi-presidential system: A system with both a directly elected president and a prime minister responsible to the legislature. It divides executive authority between a president and a government leader.

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