Heat capacity

Heat capacity is the heat transferred to a body per unit change in temperature under specified conditions. It depends on the body's amount of substance and on whether pressure, volume, or another constraint is held fixed.

Specific heat capacity: Heat capacity per unit mass of a substance. Dividing a body's heat capacity by its mass gives this intensive material property.
Heat: Energy transferred between systems because of a temperature difference. Heat capacity relates this transferred energy to the resulting temperature change.
Calorimetry: The measurement of heat transferred in physical, chemical, or biological processes. Calorimeters use heat-capacity relationships to infer unknown heat quantities.
Thermal conductivity: A material property measuring its ability to conduct heat. Conductivity governs heat flow through a material; capacity governs temperature response to stored heat.
Molar heat capacity: Heat capacity per mole of a substance. Expressing capacity per mole separates composition from sample size.
Temperature: A physical quantity that characterizes thermal state and determines the direction of heat flow. It supplies the temperature change used to define heat capacity.
Thermal diffusivity: A material property describing how quickly temperature variations spread through it. Heat capacity helps determine how rapidly a material responds to conducted heat.
Thermal effusivity: A material property combining thermal conductivity, density, and specific heat capacity. Effusivity predicts contact heating, combining heat capacity with heat transport.
Isobaric heat capacity: Heat capacity measured while pressure is held constant. At constant pressure, heating can also require energy for expansion.
Internal energy: The energy contained within a system, including microscopic kinetic and interaction energies. Heating changes internal energy, though some supplied heat may perform work.

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