Heinrich Vollmer

Heinrich Vollmer was a German engineer and firearms designer whose work included the Vollmer machine gun and components used in German submachine guns.

Submachine gun: A compact automatic firearm designed to fire pistol cartridges, often from the shoulder. Vollmer's most consequential designs belonged to this weapon class.
MP 40: A German 9×19mm submachine gun mass-produced during the Second World War. It retained a bolt design associated with Vollmer's earlier submachine-gun work.
Weimar Republic: The German republic that existed from 1918 until Adolf Hitler's rise to power in 1933. Vollmer developed important firearms during this period of German rearmament constraints.
Louis Schmeisser: A German firearms designer associated with early submachine guns, including the MP 18. His earlier designs provided a technical lineage for later German submachine-gun engineers.
Blowback operation: A firearm action in which rearward pressure from firing moves the bolt without a locked breech. The simple action shaped the submachine-gun designs associated with Vollmer.
VMP 1925: A German submachine-gun prototype designed by Heinrich Vollmer in the 1920s. Its telescoping bolt arrangement became a notable feature of his designs.
Reichswehr: Germany's armed forces from 1919 to 1935, restricted by the Treaty of Versailles. Its requirements and limits shaped interwar German small-arms development.
Theodor Bergmann: A German industrialist whose company manufactured firearms, including the MP 18 submachine gun. His firm produced the weapon that helped define Vollmer's design environment.
MP 18: A German submachine gun developed during the First World War and adopted in 1918. It established a German design precedent for the later weapons Vollmer developed.
Telescoping bolt: A firearm bolt that extends around part of the barrel, reducing the weapon's overall length. Vollmer used this compact arrangement in his submachine-gun development.

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