Knowra Hellenistic philosophy Hellenistic philosophy Philosophy produced in the Greek world after Alexander the Great, from the late fourth century BCE through the Roman era. Its schools often treated philosophy as practical guidance for living well.
Ataraxia : A state of undisturbed calm sought by several ancient philosophical traditions. Epicureans and skeptics made tranquility a central aim, though they proposed different routes to it.
Zeno of Citium : A Greek philosopher who founded the Stoic school in Athens in the early third century BCE. His teaching established Stoicism as a major Hellenistic school.
Aristotelianism : The philosophical tradition based on Aristotle’s works, including his account of virtue, flourishing, and the natural world. Aristotle’s school predates the Hellenistic era and offers a contrasting account of virtue and flourishing.
Roman Stoicism : The Roman-era development of Stoicism associated with writers such as Seneca, Epictetus, and Marcus Aurelius. It carried a Hellenistic school into influential Roman accounts of duty and self-discipline.
Apatheia : In Stoicism, freedom from destructive passions through rational judgment, not the absence of all feeling. It names the emotional discipline Stoics associated with virtue.
Epicurus : A Greek philosopher who founded the Epicurean school in Athens around 306 BCE. His school developed a systematic alternative to Stoic and skeptical accounts of happiness.
Platonism : The philosophical tradition derived from Plato, emphasizing forms, the soul, and the pursuit of wisdom. Platonist metaphysics and ethics provide a major background against which later schools developed.
Cicero : A Roman statesman and author whose philosophical works transmitted and discussed Greek doctrines in Latin. His writings made Hellenistic debates accessible to Roman political and literary culture.
Stoic physics : The Stoic account of a rational, material cosmos governed by divine reason and causal necessity. Stoic ethics depends on understanding human life as part of an ordered whole.
Pyrrho : A Greek philosopher associated with the skeptical tradition later known as Pyrrhonism. His example inspired a distinctive school centered on suspending judgment.
Show all 22