Hematopoietic stem cell

A self-renewing cell that can generate every blood cell type, including red blood cells, platelets, and immune cells. In adults, most reside in bone marrow.

Hematopoiesis: The process by which blood cells develop from stem and progenitor cells. The broader process these stem cells maintain throughout life.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A treatment that infuses blood-forming stem cells to restore or replace a patient's blood and immune systems. It uses these cells to re-establish blood production.
Stem cell: A cell capable of self-renewal and producing one or more differentiated cell types. Hematopoietic stem cells are a tissue-specific example of this broader cell class.
Primitive hematopoiesis: The first wave of blood-cell production during embryonic development, arising before definitive hematopoiesis. It precedes the emergence of long-term blood-forming stem cells.
Clonal hematopoiesis: The expansion of blood-cell clones descended from a single mutated hematopoietic stem or progenitor cell. Age-related stem-cell mutations can let particular blood-forming clones expand.
Stem cell niche: A local tissue environment that regulates stem-cell maintenance, activity, and fate. Bone-marrow signals help preserve these cells or prompt them to produce progeny.
Bone marrow transplantation: A form of stem-cell transplantation in which blood-forming cells are collected from bone marrow. It is a classic source and route for therapeutic stem-cell delivery.
Self-renewal: The capacity of a stem cell to divide while preserving cells with stem-cell properties. It allows a small stem-cell pool to persist across a lifetime.
Definitive hematopoiesis: Embryonic blood production that generates long-term stem cells capable of sustaining blood formation. This developmental program establishes the enduring stem-cell system.
Somatic mutation: A DNA sequence change acquired by a cell after conception and passed to its descendants. Such mutations can alter stem-cell fitness and shape blood-cell populations.

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