Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases

Hemic and lymphatic diseases affect blood, blood-forming organs, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, or related immune structures. They include disorders of blood cells, clotting, immunity, and lymphatic drainage.

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Hematopoiesis: The production of blood cells from stem and progenitor cells, chiefly in bone marrow. Disorders of blood-cell production often arise when this process or its marrow environment is disrupted.
Anemia: A condition in which reduced red-cell mass or hemoglobin limits the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity. It is a common manifestation of blood loss, impaired production, or accelerated red-cell destruction.
Hemolysis: The destruction of red blood cells, releasing their contents into the surrounding fluid. Excessive red-cell destruction can cause anemia and related complications.
Hemorrhagic Disease: A disorder characterized by excessive bleeding due to defects in vessels, platelets, or coagulation. It contrasts bleeding disorders with diseases dominated by abnormal cell production or lymphatic function.
Bone Marrow: The soft tissue inside bones where blood cells develop and mature. It is a primary site of blood formation and a target of many marrow diseases.
Leukemia: A group of cancers arising from blood-forming cells, usually involving abnormal white-cell precursors. It illustrates malignant disease originating in blood-forming tissue.
Coagulation: The cascade of reactions that forms fibrin and stabilizes a blood clot. Defects in coagulation can lead to abnormal bleeding or thrombosis.
Thrombosis: The formation of a blood clot within a blood vessel that obstructs blood flow. It represents pathologic clot formation, unlike disorders primarily causing deficient clotting.
Lymphatic System: A network of vessels, nodes, and organs that returns tissue fluid to the bloodstream and supports immune defense. Its structures are among the principal sites affected by this disease group.
Lymphoma: A group of cancers that arise from lymphocytes and commonly involve lymph nodes or other lymphatic tissues. It is a major cancer category centered on lymphatic and immune cells.