Hemorrhage

Hemorrhage is blood escaping from the circulatory system through a damaged vessel or other breach. It may occur inside the body or leave it through an opening.

Hemostasis: The process that stops bleeding through vascular responses, platelet activity, and blood coagulation. It is the body's coordinated response to limit blood loss after a vessel is breached.
Internal bleeding: Blood loss that remains within the body rather than exiting through an external opening. It is a major form of hemorrhage that may be hidden from view.
Hemorrhagic shock: A form of hypovolemic shock caused by substantial blood loss. It describes the dangerous circulatory failure that can follow severe hemorrhage.
Hemoptysis: The coughing up of blood originating from the lower respiratory tract. It names a specific route of visible bleeding, rather than hemorrhage in general.
Acute blood loss anemia: A reduction in red blood cells and oxygen-carrying capacity following rapid blood loss. It is a direct consequence when hemorrhage removes a substantial volume of blood.
Coagulation: A cascade of reactions that produces fibrin, stabilizing a blood clot. Coagulation reinforces the platelet plug that seals an injured vessel.
External bleeding: Blood loss that passes through a wound or body opening to the outside. It is the visible form of hemorrhage and can arise from skin or deeper structures.
Blood transfusion: The transfer of blood or blood components into a person's circulation. Transfusion can replace components lost during major hemorrhage.
Hematemesis: The vomiting of blood from the upper gastrointestinal tract. It identifies blood loss by its route and source, not merely its presence.
Coagulopathy: An impairment of the blood's ability to clot normally. Severe bleeding and its treatment can worsen clotting dysfunction, driving further blood loss.

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