Henri Moissan

Henri Moissan (1852–1907) was a French chemist who isolated fluorine, developed high-temperature electric furnaces, and received the 1906 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

Ferdinand Frédéric Henri Moissan: Henri Moissan’s full name, used in biographical and bibliographic records. This fuller name appears in records for the chemist commonly known as Henri Moissan.
Fluorine: A highly reactive chemical element with atomic number 9, the lightest halogen. Moissan’s most celebrated achievement was isolating this reactive element in 1886.
Carborundum: The industrial name for silicon carbide, a hard material used in abrasives and high-temperature applications. Moissan produced silicon carbide in his electric furnace, demonstrating its value for high-temperature synthesis.
Fluorine isolation: The experimental achievement of obtaining elemental fluorine from fluorine-containing compounds. Moissan isolated fluorine in 1886 after earlier chemists were injured or killed attempting the same feat.
1906 Nobel Prize in Chemistry: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry awarded to Henri Moissan in 1906. The award recognized his isolation of fluorine and his electric-furnace work.
Pierre Paul Émile Roux: French physician and bacteriologist who helped establish modern microbiology and immunology. Roux and Moissan belonged to the same generation of French scientists, though their research fields differed.
Electrolysis: Chemical change produced by passing an electric current through a substance. Moissan used electrolysis of hydrogen fluoride mixtures to obtain elemental fluorine.
Silicon carbide: A compound of silicon and carbon used in abrasives, ceramics, and semiconductor devices. Its synthesis in Moissan’s furnace connected his laboratory method to a major industrial material.
George Gore: British chemist whose nineteenth-century electrolysis experiments produced small amounts of fluorine. Gore’s work preceded Moissan’s and revealed the difficulty of collecting the reactive gas.
Nobel Prize: A set of international awards established by Alfred Nobel for achievements in several fields. Moissan’s chemistry prize placed his research among work recognized as especially significant internationally.

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