Henry IV of England

Henry IV ruled England from 1399 to 1413 after deposing Richard II. The first Lancastrian king, he spent much of his reign suppressing rebellions and defending his contested claim.

John of Gaunt: John of Gaunt was a son of Edward III and a powerful English nobleman whose son Henry became king. His inheritance and political standing supplied the dynastic basis for Henry’s claim.
Coronation of Henry IV: Henry IV was crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey on 13 October 1399. The ceremony publicly confirmed a kingship obtained through deposition.
Owain Glyndŵr’s rebellion: Owain Glyndŵr’s rebellion was a Welsh revolt against English rule that began in 1400 and lasted about a decade. The uprising challenged Henry’s authority in Wales and drew English military resources.
House of Plantagenet: The House of Plantagenet was the royal dynasty that ruled England from 1154 to 1485. Henry’s Lancastrian line remained a branch of this larger dynasty.
House of Lancaster: The House of Lancaster was a branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet descended from John of Gaunt. Henry’s accession established this branch as England’s ruling dynasty.
Act of Resumption 1404: The Act of Resumption 1404 reclaimed many royal grants made since Richard II’s accession. Henry sought to strengthen royal finances after repeated grants depleted crown income.
Battle of Shrewsbury: The Battle of Shrewsbury was a 1403 battle in which Henry IV’s forces defeated rebels led by Henry Percy. The victory checked the most dangerous early aristocratic revolt against Henry.
Henry V of England: Henry V ruled England from 1413 to 1422 and led major military campaigns in France. His succession carried the Lancastrian crown into a period of military expansion.
Richard II of England: Richard II was king of England from 1377 until his deposition in 1399. Henry’s claim became a kingship only after he displaced Richard.
Parliament of England: The Parliament of England was the assembly of lords and commons that advised the monarch and approved taxation. Henry relied on parliamentary grants to finance government and military defense.

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