Henry VI of England

Henry VI was king of England from 1422 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471. His reign saw the loss of English rule in France and the Wars of the Roses.

Wars of the Roses: A series of civil wars fought in England between the houses of Lancaster and York from 1455 to 1487. Henry’s weak rule and competing claims to the crown helped ignite this dynastic conflict.
Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester: A son of Henry IV who served as protector of England during Henry VI’s minority. His rivalry with the Beaufort faction shaped politics before Henry ruled independently.
Henry V of England: King of England from 1413 to 1422, whose conquests in France brought the Treaty of Troyes. His death left the infant Henry VI heir to both English and French crowns.
Eton College: An English independent school founded by Henry VI in 1440 as the King's College of Our Lady of Eton. Its foundation reflects Henry’s educational patronage and religious devotion.
Edward IV: King of England from 1461 to 1470 and from 1471 to 1483, and a leading Yorkist ruler. He deposed Henry in 1461, then regained the throne after Henry’s brief restoration.
John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset: A Lancastrian nobleman and military commander during the final phase of the Hundred Years’ War. His leadership in France became a focus of criticism as English fortunes collapsed.
Treaty of Troyes: A 1420 agreement that recognized Henry V and his heirs as successors to the French throne. It formed the basis of Henry VI’s claim to France.
King's College, Cambridge: A constituent college of the University of Cambridge, founded by Henry VI in 1441. Henry’s ambitious foundation connected royal authority with scholarship and worship.
Margaret of Anjou: Queen of England as Henry VI’s wife and a leading Lancastrian political and military figure. She defended her husband’s claim and led Lancastrian resistance during his incapacity.
Richard, Duke of York: A powerful English nobleman whose claim to the throne challenged Henry VI’s Lancastrian dynasty. His political challenge and death in battle intensified the succession crisis.

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