Knowra Herb–drug interaction Herb–drug interaction A change in a medicine’s effects, concentration, or risks caused by using it alongside an herbal substance. Interactions can make treatment less effective or increase adverse effects.
Cytochrome P450 : A family of enzymes that metabolizes many medicines and other chemicals, especially in the liver and intestine. Herbal compounds can inhibit or induce these enzymes, changing how quickly a medicine is cleared.
St John's wort : A flowering plant used in herbal products, particularly those marketed for depressive symptoms. It induces drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters, reducing exposure to several medicines.
Medication reconciliation : The process of compiling and comparing a person’s medicines across transitions in care. Including supplements in the medication list helps expose combinations that might otherwise be missed.
Herbal medicine : The use of plant-derived preparations to prevent or treat illness. Interaction evidence spans diverse preparations, traditions, and methods of use.
Drug transporter : A membrane protein that moves drugs and other molecules into or out of cells. Herbs can alter transporter activity and thereby change drug absorption or tissue exposure.
Warfarin : An oral anticoagulant that reduces blood clotting by inhibiting vitamin K recycling. Herbal products can change anticoagulation or bleeding risk, making this a clinically consequential interaction.
Therapeutic drug monitoring : Measurement of drug concentrations in blood to guide dosing for selected medicines. Monitoring can detect altered exposure when an interaction affects a medicine with measurable levels.
Dietary supplement : A product intended to supplement the diet with ingredients such as vitamins, minerals, or botanicals. Many herbs are sold as supplements, whose composition and oversight differ from prescription medicines.
Pharmacokinetics : The study of how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and eliminates a drug. Many herb–drug interactions change the amount of medicine reaching its site of action.
Cyclosporine : An immunosuppressant used to prevent organ rejection and treat some autoimmune diseases. St John's wort can sharply reduce cyclosporine exposure, risking transplant rejection.
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