Herero uprising

The Herero uprising was an armed revolt against German colonial rule in German South West Africa in 1904. German forces crushed it through mass killing, forced displacement, and confinement, producing the Herero genocide.

Battle of Waterberg: A battle in August 1904 in which German forces attacked Herero positions at Waterberg in German South West Africa. The German victory drove many Herero into the Omaheke desert, where pursuit and deprivation became instruments of mass killing.
German colonization of South West Africa: The establishment and expansion of German colonial rule in present-day Namibia from the 1880s. Its seizure of land and imposition of colonial authority formed the setting for the revolt.
Hendrik Witbooi: A Nama leader who resisted German colonial rule in South West Africa and kept a diary of political and military events. His writings and later resistance illuminate the wider colonial conflict surrounding the Herero revolt.
Nama uprising: A resistance campaign by Nama communities against German colonial rule in South West Africa from 1904 to 1908. Nama resistance followed alongside the Herero revolt and met similarly violent repression.
Herero genocide and the Holocaust debate: A historical debate over connections and distinctions between the Herero genocide and the Holocaust. Comparisons raise questions about continuity, precedent, and the specificity of different genocides.
Lothar von Trotha: A German general who commanded colonial forces during the suppression of the Herero uprising. His extermination order and military policy made him central to the repression.
Herero people: A Bantu-speaking people of southern Africa, historically concentrated in present-day Namibia. The uprising was a collective resistance by Herero communities to German rule.
Theodor Leutwein: A German colonial administrator and military officer who governed German South West Africa before the 1904 uprising. His comparatively conciliatory policies toward Herero leaders preceded the shift to exterminatory warfare.
German colonial concentration camps: Camps established by German colonial authorities to confine and exploit people in overseas territories. Camp imprisonment became a major means of controlling survivors and prisoners after the uprising.
Genocide: The intentional destruction, in whole or in part, of a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group. The German repression is widely recognized as a colonial genocide.

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Herero and Nama genocideRelated: Its suppression escalated into the German campaign against the Herero population.