High-speed photography

High-speed photography records fast events using very brief exposures, rapid image capture, or both, revealing motion that ordinary photography cannot resolve.

Exposure time: The duration for which a camera sensor or film receives light during an image capture. Short exposure times limit motion blur when a subject moves during capture.
Schlieren photography: An optical imaging method that makes refractive-index variations visible, often revealing otherwise invisible airflows. High-speed schlieren sequences show shock waves and rapidly changing flows.
Eadweard Muybridge: A nineteenth-century photographer known for sequential photographs of animal and human movement. His timed camera arrays made locomotion a subject of photographic analysis.
Shutter speed: The camera setting that controls how long light reaches the recording medium during an exposure. It sets the exposure interval that must be shortened to reduce motion blur.
Flash photography: Photography in which a brief artificial light pulse illuminates the subject during exposure. A short flash can freeze motion even when the camera shutter remains open longer.
Ballistics: The study of the motion and effects of projectiles, including their launch and flight. Brief exposures can document projectile trajectories and impact effects.
Étienne-Jules Marey: A French physiologist and inventor who used photography to study movement and bodily functions. His chronophotographic methods recorded several phases of motion on one plate.
Temporal resolution: The ability of a measurement system to distinguish events separated in time. Capture rate and exposure duration jointly determine which rapid changes can be resolved.
Stroboscopic photography: A technique that uses repeated brief light pulses to record multiple positions of moving subjects in one image. Repeated flashes turn high-speed motion into a sequence of visible positions.
Cavitation: The formation and collapse of vapor-filled cavities in a liquid as local pressure changes. Rapid imaging captures bubble growth and collapse that unfold too quickly for ordinary video.

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