History of Guinea-Bissau

The history of Guinea-Bissau traces its diverse precolonial societies, Portuguese conquest and rule, the independence struggle, and the political challenges of the postcolonial state.

Kaabu: A Mandinka kingdom in the Upper Guinea region that flourished from the thirteenth to nineteenth centuries. Its rise and collapse shaped Mandinka power in the region before Portuguese rule.
African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde: A liberation movement and political party founded in 1956 to end Portuguese rule in Guinea and Cape Verde. It organized the armed campaign and built rival institutions in liberated areas.
Guinea-Bissau independence: The establishment of Guinea-Bissau as an independent state, proclaimed in 1973 and recognized by Portugal in 1974. Independence transformed the anticolonial movement into the governing authority.
Luís Cabral: A Guinea-Bissauan independence leader who served as the country’s first president from 1973 to 1980. His presidency embodied the PAIGC’s first attempt to govern after independence.
History of Cape Verde: The history of the Atlantic island country of Cape Verde, from Portuguese settlement through independence and later development. Its shared PAIGC struggle ended in a separate state rather than the planned union.
Portuguese Guinea: The Portuguese colony that became the independent state of Guinea-Bissau in 1973–1974. Its colonial boundaries and administration preceded the modern country.
Amílcar Cabral: A Guinea-Bissauan and Cape Verdean agronomist and anticolonial leader who co-founded the PAIGC. His strategy and political thought shaped the independence struggle.
João Bernardo Vieira: A Guinea-Bissauan military officer and politician who ruled as president from 1980 to 1999 and again from 2005 to 2009. His long, interrupted rule connects the 1980 coup to later political upheaval.
Nino Vieira: The common name of João Bernardo Vieira, Guinea-Bissau’s president during two periods of rule. His political career spans the coup era, civil war, and return to office.
History of Guinea: The history of the West African country of Guinea, from precolonial polities through French rule and independence. Neighboring Guinea gained independence from France in 1958, unlike Portuguese Guinea’s later armed struggle.

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