History of Vietnam

The history of Vietnam spans early societies, periods of Chinese and other foreign rule, independent dynasties, colonialism, war, and the development of the modern state.

Dong Son culture: A Bronze Age culture of northern Vietnam, known for bronze drums and sophisticated metalworking. Its archaeological record illuminates early communities in the Red River region.
Ngô dynasty: A Vietnamese dynasty that ruled from 939 to 965 after ending a millennium of Chinese imperial domination. Its victory at Bạch Đằng established durable independence.
Lê Lợi: A Vietnamese leader who founded the Later Lê dynasty after leading resistance to Ming rule. His victory restored Vietnamese independence in the fifteenth century.
French Indochina: A French colonial federation in Southeast Asia, established in stages from 1887 and including Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. Its colonial administration transformed Vietnamese politics and society.
Fall of Saigon: The capture of Saigon by North Vietnamese forces on 30 April 1975, ending the Vietnam War. It marked the collapse of South Vietnam and the decisive end of the war.
Âu Lạc: An early polity in northern Vietnam traditionally associated with the third century BCE. Its formation marks an early attempt at political consolidation in the north.
Lý dynasty: A Vietnamese dynasty that ruled from 1009 to 1225 and established its capital at Thăng Long. Its institutions helped consolidate the medieval Vietnamese state.
Gia Long: The first emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty, who reunified Vietnam in 1802. His reign began the last Vietnamese monarchy and a newly unified state.
First Indochina War: The 1946–1954 conflict between France and the Việt Minh over control of Vietnam. Its outcome ended French colonial rule and divided Vietnam temporarily.
Reunification of Vietnam: The political unification of North and South Vietnam as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 1976. It formally created the contemporary Vietnamese state.

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