Knowra HIV transmission HIV transmission HIV transmission is the spread of human immunodeficiency virus between people through specific bodily fluids and routes. Transmission occurs when infectious fluids reach susceptible tissue or the bloodstream.
HIV : Human immunodeficiency virus is a retrovirus that attacks immune cells, especially CD4 T cells. The virus’s presence and concentration in a fluid determine whether that fluid can transmit it.
Condom : A condom is a barrier worn during sex that helps prevent pregnancy and transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Correct and consistent use reduces sexual HIV transmission by limiting contact with infectious fluids.
HIV stigma : HIV stigma is prejudice, discrimination, or social devaluation directed at people because of HIV or perceived HIV status. Fear and misinformation about transmission can fuel stigma and deter testing or care.
HIV transmission risk per sexual act : HIV transmission risk per sexual act estimates the chance of acquiring HIV from a single exposure of a specified kind. Estimates differ by sexual route and conditions, helping distinguish relative risks without treating them as certainties.
HIV viral load : HIV viral load is the amount of virus in a person’s blood or other sampled body fluid. Higher viral levels generally increase transmission potential; sustained undetectable blood levels prevent sexual transmission.
Pre-exposure prophylaxis : Pre-exposure prophylaxis is HIV-preventing medication taken by people who do not have HIV before possible exposure. It prevents sexual and injection-related acquisition when used as prescribed.
HIV transmission through casual contact : HIV is not transmitted through ordinary social contact such as hugging, sharing food, or using the same toilet. These contacts lack the infectious-fluid exposure and entry route required for transmission.
HIV vaccine : An HIV vaccine is a vaccine intended to prevent HIV infection or control the virus after infection. No licensed preventive HIV vaccine is available, leaving vaccination an unresolved prevention goal.
Mucous membrane : A mucous membrane is a moist tissue lining body cavities and passages, including the rectum, vagina, and mouth. HIV can enter the body when infectious fluids contact susceptible mucous membranes.
Antiretroviral therapy : Antiretroviral therapy is the use of medicines that suppress HIV replication in a person with HIV. Effective treatment lowers viral load; sustained viral suppression prevents sexual transmission.
Show all 22