Hole punch

A hand-operated device that cuts one or more holes in paper, commonly so sheets can be stored in a ring binder.

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Punching: A process that cuts or drives material through a surface using a punch. A hole punch is a small, paper-cutting example of this process.
Ring binder: A book-like folder whose opening rings hold perforated sheets. The common purpose of punched holes is to let binder rings hold paper.
Perforation: A pattern of holes or small cuts made through a material. A hole punch makes discrete perforations that allow sheets to be fastened or filed.
Stapler: A device that joins sheets by driving a metal staple through them and bending its ends. A stapler fastens sheets directly instead of preparing them for removable binder rings.
Punch and die: A cutting arrangement in which a punch forces material into or through a shaped opening called a die. The punch and receiving opening shear paper into a hole.
Loose-leaf: A system of storing pages individually so they can be added, removed, or rearranged. Hole punching makes ordinary sheets compatible with loose-leaf storage.
Paper size: A standardized set of dimensions used to classify sheets of paper. Hole positions are useful only when they align with the intended sheet and binder format.
Spiral binding: A binding method that joins pages along an edge with a continuous coil threaded through aligned holes. It uses a row of edge holes for a permanent book-like binding rather than loose-leaf filing.
Shearing: A cutting process in which opposing forces make material fail along a narrow line. The punch edge shears the paper against the opening beneath it.
Paper fastener: A device that joins sheets of paper by passing through or gripping them. A punched hole can accommodate fasteners other than binder rings.