Knowra Homininae Homininae Homininae is a subfamily of great apes comprising humans, chimpanzees, bonobos, and gorillas, but not orangutans. Its living members are divided among three tribes: Hominini, Panini, and Gorillini.
Hominidae : Hominidae is the biological family of great apes, including orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos, and humans. This broader family contains Homininae and the orangutan subfamily.
Primate : A primate is a mammal in the order Primates, which includes lemurs, monkeys, apes, and humans. Homininae belongs within this broader mammalian order.
Homo sapiens : Homo sapiens is the only living human species, originating in Africa and now distributed worldwide. Humans are the sole surviving species of the human lineage within Homininae.
Chimpanzee–human last common ancestor : The chimpanzee–human last common ancestor is the extinct population from which the human and Pan lineages descended. Its traits and timing constrain reconstructions of early hominine evolution.
Ponginae : Ponginae is the great-ape subfamily comprising orangutans and their extinct close relatives. This is the other living hominid subfamily, excluded from Homininae.
Hominoidea : Hominoidea is the superfamily of apes, including gibbons and great apes. Homininae is nested within the great-ape branch of this superfamily.
Pan troglodytes : Pan troglodytes is the common chimpanzee, a great ape native to equatorial Africa. It is one of the two living Pan species included in Homininae.
Ardipithecus ramidus : Ardipithecus ramidus is an extinct hominine species from Ethiopia, dated to about 4.4 million years ago. Its mixture of anatomical traits informs debates about early hominine locomotion and ancestry.
Hominini : Hominini is the tribe containing humans and their extinct relatives, and, in some classifications, chimpanzees and bonobos. Taxonomic schemes differ over whether this tribe includes Pan.
Molecular phylogenetics : Molecular phylogenetics uses genetic or molecular data to infer evolutionary relationships. DNA comparisons help establish relationships among hominine lineages.
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