Hominoidea

Hominoidea is the primate superfamily containing gibbons, great apes, and humans. Its living members lack tails and share adaptations for flexible movement through trees.

Catarrhini: Catarrhini is the primate infraorder containing Old World monkeys and apes. Hominoidea is one of the two living branches of this broader primate group.
Brachiation: Brachiation is locomotion by swinging beneath branches using the arms. Gibbons use this form of travel extensively, enabled by long arms and mobile shoulders.
Ape fossil record: The ape fossil record comprises fossil remains and traces used to reconstruct ape evolution. It documents extinct hominoids and changing ape diversity through time.
Old World monkey: An Old World monkey is a catarrhine primate belonging to the superfamily Cercopithecoidea. Old World monkeys are the closest living primate relatives outside Hominoidea.
Hylobatidae: Hylobatidae is the ape family comprising gibbons and siamangs. This family represents the lesser apes within Hominoidea.
Suspensory behavior: Suspensory behavior is movement or feeding while hanging beneath branches. It is a characteristic arboreal adaptation among many apes.
Proconsul: Proconsul is an extinct early Miocene ape genus known from fossils in East Africa. Its fossils illuminate early ape evolution after the ape-monkey divergence.
New World monkey: A New World monkey is a platyrrhine primate native to Central and South America. These monkeys belong to a separate major primate branch, not the ape superfamily.
Hominidae: Hominidae is the ape family comprising orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos, and humans. This family contains the great apes, the other living hominoid branch.
Shoulder joint: The shoulder joint connects the upper arm to the shoulder girdle and permits a wide range of motion. Its mobility supports the overhead reaching and hanging common in apes.

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