House of Braganza

The House of Braganza is a Portuguese royal and noble dynasty that ruled Portugal from 1640 until the monarchy ended in 1910.

Portuguese Restoration War: A war from 1640 to 1668 that secured Portugal’s independence from Habsburg Spain. The Braganzas took the Portuguese throne at the war’s outset and retained it after victory.
Afonso VI of Portugal: A Portuguese king of the House of Braganza who ruled from 1656 to 1683. His reign included the decisive Portuguese victory at the Battle of Montes Claros.
Portuguese Empire: A global network of Portuguese colonies, trading posts, and territories established from the fifteenth century onward. Braganza monarchs governed the empire through its expansion and gradual contraction.
House of Aviz: The Portuguese royal dynasty that ruled before the Habsburg takeover in 1580. Its extinction in the male line precipitated the succession crisis preceding Braganza rule.
John IV of Portugal: The first Braganza king of Portugal, crowned in 1640 after the Portuguese revolution. His accession established the dynasty’s rule.
Maria I of Portugal: Queen of Portugal from 1777 to 1816, whose later reign was marked by mental illness. Her rule preceded the Braganza court’s flight to Brazil.
Transfer of the Portuguese Court to Brazil: The 1807 relocation of Portugal’s royal court to Brazil ahead of Napoleon’s invasion. It moved the Braganza monarchy across the Atlantic and transformed Brazil’s status.
Philip II of Spain: The Spanish king who became Philip I of Portugal after claiming the Portuguese throne in 1580. His accession began the Habsburg period that the Braganzas ended.
Portuguese Revolution of 1640: The uprising that ended the Iberian Union in Portugal and placed John IV on the throne. It transferred the crown from the Spanish Habsburgs to the Braganzas.
John VI of Portugal: A Braganza king who ruled from Brazil before returning to Portugal in 1821. His move made Rio de Janeiro the monarchy’s seat during the Napoleonic invasions.

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