Hoxhaism

Hoxhaism is an anti-revisionist form of Marxism–Leninism associated with Enver Hoxha and Albania’s communist government. It upheld Stalinism and opposed what it regarded as revisionism in both the Soviet Union and China.

Enver Hoxha: Albanian communist leader who ruled the country from 1944 until 1985 and became the namesake of Hoxhaism. His leadership and writings established the doctrine’s political authority.
Anti-revisionism: A political stance that rejects changes to a doctrine or tradition judged to abandon its fundamental principles. Hoxhaism presented opposition to revisionism as its central defense of Marxism–Leninism.
Maoism: A form of Marxism–Leninism shaped by Mao Zedong’s theories and the Chinese revolutionary experience. Hoxha denounced Maoist theory and China’s post-Stalin leadership as revisionist.
Albanian isolationism: The foreign policy of limiting Albania’s ties with other states, especially during its communist period. Hoxha’s pursuit of ideological independence helped drive Albania’s withdrawal from former alliances.
People's Socialist Republic of Albania: The communist state that governed Albania from 1946 to 1991. Its government made Hoxhaism the ruling ideology and organized the breaks with its former allies.
Stalinism: The political system and ideological tradition associated with Joseph Stalin’s rule in the Soviet Union. Hoxhaism regarded Stalin’s legacy as a standard against which later communist governments should be judged.
Titoism: The communist ideology and political course associated with Yugoslav leader Josip Broz Tito. Hoxha rejected Yugoslav independence from Soviet control and its model of socialist development.
Bunkerization of Albania: The construction of hundreds of thousands of concrete bunkers across Albania under Enver Hoxha. The defensive campaign reflected the regime’s expectation of invasion and its extreme political isolation.
Sino-Albanian split: The rupture between Albania and China in the late 1970s after years of political and ideological alliance. The split completed Hoxha’s rejection of both Soviet and Chinese leadership.
Democratic centralism: A principle of party organization combining internal discussion with binding decisions and centralized discipline. Hoxhaist parties use it to justify unified leadership and adherence to the party line.

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AlbaniaBroader topic: It expressed the ideological stance Albania adopted against both Soviet and later Chinese leadership.