Huaihai Campaign

The Huaihai Campaign was a major 1948–1949 Chinese Civil War campaign in eastern China. Communist forces defeated and captured much of the Nationalist army defending the lower Yangtze approaches.

Encirclement: A military operation that surrounds an opposing force to isolate and defeat it. Communist forces used encirclement to isolate Nationalist armies and prevent their relief or withdrawal.
Chinese Civil War: The prolonged conflict between the Chinese Communist Party and the Nationalist government, with major fighting from 1927 to 1949. The Huaihai Campaign was one of its decisive late-stage battles.
Liu Bocheng: A Chinese Communist military commander who led the Second Field Army during the civil war. He commanded a major force in the campaign's encirclement operations.
Yangtze Crossing Campaign: The 1949 Communist military operation that crossed the Yangtze River and advanced into southern China. Huaihai's destruction of major Nationalist armies helped make this southward advance possible.
People's Liberation Army: The armed forces of the Chinese Communist Party, established in 1947 under that name. Its field armies coordinated the campaign's successive encirclements.
Liaoshen Campaign: A 1948 campaign in Manchuria in which Communist forces defeated major Nationalist armies. Its outcome weakened Nationalist forces before the Huaihai fighting began.
Chen Yi: A Chinese Communist military commander and political leader who later became foreign minister. He shared command responsibilities in the campaign's overall leadership.
Nanjing: A city in eastern China that served as the Republic of China's capital from 1927 to 1937 and 1946 to 1949. The campaign's defeat left the Nationalist capital increasingly exposed to Communist forces.
National Revolutionary Army: The military force of the Republic of China during the Chinese Civil War. Its forces were the campaign's principal target and suffered the decisive defeat.
Pingjin Campaign: A 1948–1949 campaign in northern China that brought Beijing and Tianjin under Communist control. It was the third major Communist campaign of late 1948, alongside Huaihai and Liaoshen.

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