Human anatomy

Human anatomy is the study of the structures of the human body and their relationships, from cells and tissues to organs and body systems.

Anatomical position: A standardized upright body posture used to describe anatomical locations and directions. It provides the shared reference point for naming every body region and direction.
Human skeleton: The framework of bones and cartilage that supports and protects the human body. Its bones establish the body's framework and landmarks for neighboring structures.
Surface anatomy: The study of external landmarks and their relationships to underlying body structures. It lets clinicians estimate internal locations from visible or palpable landmarks.
Herophilus: An ancient Greek physician who conducted systematic human dissections in Alexandria. His dissections helped establish direct observation as a basis for anatomical knowledge.
Comparative anatomy: The study of similarities and differences in anatomical structures among species. Comparisons across species reveal which human structures are shared or specialized.
Anatomical terminology: A standardized vocabulary for describing body structures, locations, directions, and relationships. Precise terms make spatial relationships consistent across anatomical descriptions.
Skeletal muscle: Muscle tissue attached to bones that produces voluntary movement. Its attachments reveal how muscles relate to bones and joints.
Medical imaging: Techniques that produce images of internal body structures for diagnosis and research. Imaging makes anatomical relationships visible in living bodies.
Galen: A Greek physician whose anatomical writings shaped medicine for centuries. His animal-based anatomical accounts dominated later study despite limits in human evidence.
Developmental biology: The study of how organisms grow and change from fertilization through adulthood. It explains how adult anatomical structures form over time.

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