Humphrey Gilbert

Sir Humphrey Gilbert (c. 1539–1583) was an English soldier, explorer, and colonizer who claimed Newfoundland for England in 1583.

Tudor England: The English state ruled by the Tudor dynasty from 1485 to 1603. Gilbert’s overseas projects took shape amid Tudor efforts to expand English power.
Letters patent: A formal legal instrument issued by a sovereign to grant rights, offices, or privileges. Elizabeth I’s patent authorized Gilbert to explore, claim, and govern lands overseas.
English colonization of the Americas: The establishment of English settlements and claims in the Americas from the sixteenth century onward. Gilbert’s Newfoundland claim was an early episode in this broader expansion.
Elizabeth I: Queen of England and Ireland from 1558 to 1603. Elizabeth granted Gilbert authority to seek and colonize overseas lands.
Age of Discovery: A period of European maritime exploration and overseas expansion beginning in the fifteenth century. Atlantic exploration supplied the setting for Gilbert’s proposed colonies.
Newfoundland expedition of 1583: Humphrey Gilbert’s voyage that reached Newfoundland and claimed it for England in 1583. This expedition put his royal commission into action.
Walter Raleigh: An English courtier and explorer who sponsored colonization attempts in North America during Elizabeth I’s reign. Raleigh, Gilbert’s half-brother, continued colonial ventures after Gilbert’s death.
Raleigh Gilbert: An English colonist and explorer, son of Humphrey Gilbert and participant in the Popham Colony. Raleigh Gilbert carried the family’s colonial enterprise into a later generation.
Richard Hakluyt: An English geographer and promoter of overseas exploration who advocated English colonization. Hakluyt later helped argue for the colonial ambitions Gilbert pursued.
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador: A city on Newfoundland’s Avalon Peninsula, among the oldest European settlements in North America. Gilbert’s ceremony of possession took place at St. John’s harbour.

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