Hundred Days Offensive

The Allied campaign on the Western Front from August to November 1918 that drove German forces into retreat and helped bring about the Armistice of 11 November.

Battle of Amiens: An Allied attack launched on 8 August 1918 that broke through German defenses near Amiens. Its opening success began the campaign and prompted German commander Erich Ludendorff to call the day a black day for the army.
German Spring Offensive: A series of German attacks on the Western Front from March to July 1918, intended to win the war before American forces arrived in strength. Its costly gains exhausted German reserves and left the Allies positioned to seize the initiative.
Douglas Haig: The British field marshal who commanded the British Expeditionary Force on the Western Front from 1915 to 1918. Haig directed British forces in major operations at Amiens, Arras, and the Hindenburg Line.
Battle of Albert (1918): A British-led attack in late August 1918 that advanced along the Somme front near Albert. The advance continued the pressure after Amiens and forced German forces back toward the Hindenburg Line.
German Revolution of 1918–1919: The political upheaval that ended the German Empire and established a republic between November 1918 and August 1919. Military defeat and the prospect of continued fighting intensified unrest that toppled the monarchy.
Hundred Days Offensive artillery tactics: The artillery methods used by Allied forces during the Hundred Days Offensive, including surprise fire and predicted targeting. These methods helped suppress German defenses without lengthy preliminary bombardments.
Second Battle of the Marne: A major Allied victory in July and August 1918 that halted Germany’s final offensive on the Western Front. The German retreat after this battle set the stage for the Allied advance north and east.
John J. Pershing: The American general who commanded the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe during World War I. Pershing committed American forces to the campaign, including the operations at Saint-Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne.
Battle of the Scarpe (1918): A British offensive in late August 1918 around the Scarpe River in northern France. It was one of the successive attacks that stretched German defenses and helped clear the approaches to Arras.
Armistice of Compiègne: The agreement signed in a railway carriage at Compiègne on 11 November 1918 that ended hostilities between Germany and the Allies. The armistice formalized the cessation of fighting after the German retreat.

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