KnowraHundred Years' WarHundred Years' WarA series of conflicts between England and France over the French crown and territories, fought from 1337 to 1453.BriefConnectEdward III: King of England from 1327 to 1377, whose claim to the French throne helped trigger the war. His claim to the French crown gave the conflict its dynastic cause.Duchy of Aquitaine: A southwestern French territory held by English kings as vassals of the French crown. Disputes over its status repeatedly strained relations between the two monarchies.Henry V of England: King of England from 1413 to 1422, known for victories in France and the Treaty of Troyes. His campaigns brought England closest to controlling the French succession.Battle of Castillon: A French victory in 1453 that ended major English military control in southwestern France. It is commonly treated as the war’s final battle and the end of English rule in Gascony.Wars of the Roses: A series of English dynastic conflicts from 1455 to 1487 between rival branches of the House of Plantagenet. This English succession struggle followed the war and drew on its political aftermath.Salic law: A Frankish legal tradition later used to exclude women and their descendants from the French succession. French jurists invoked it to reject Edward III’s claim through his mother.Capetian dynasty: A French royal dynasty that ruled from 987 until the early fourteenth century and established hereditary succession. Its extinction in the male line created the succession crisis that Edward III challenged.Charles VII of France: King of France from 1422 to 1461, whose forces recovered most English-held French territory. His reign saw the recovery that ended English power in mainland France.French national identity: A shared sense of belonging to France shaped by language, political institutions, history, and culture. The conflict strengthened loyalties to the French crown and kingdom.Reconquista: The centuries-long expansion of Christian kingdoms into territories ruled by Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula. It offers a different model of prolonged medieval warfare, centered on territorial and religious expansion.Show all 26Linked from 77 pagesMiddle AgesBroader topic: Its conclusion coincided with political changes conventionally associated with medieval Europe's end.Kingdom of FranceRelated: Its outcome strengthened French royal authority and reshaped the kingdom's territory.Edward III of EnglandNarrower topic: Edward’s claim to France initiated the conflict that defined much of his reign.High Middle AgesCompared with: This later conflict reflects the shifting state rivalries of the post-High Middle Ages.Late Middle AgesBroader topic: The war reshaped French and English monarchy and warfare across much of the period.Geoffrey ChaucerRelated: Chaucer served in France during the conflict and traveled on royal business.Charles IV, Holy Roman EmperorNarrower topic: The war formed part of the wider dynastic politics in which Charles’s family was entangled.Second Hundred Years' WarCompared with: Its name inspired the later label, though it describes a different era and conflict.Show all 77