Hybrid vehicle

A vehicle that uses two or more distinct power sources or propulsion systems, commonly combining an internal-combustion engine with an electric motor.

Hybrid powertrain: A vehicle drivetrain that combines distinct propulsion sources, such as an internal-combustion engine and an electric motor. It describes how the vehicle’s multiple power sources deliver motion to the wheels.
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle: A hybrid vehicle with a rechargeable battery that can be charged from an external electricity source. Its larger externally charged battery enables more electric-only driving than a typical hybrid.
Hybrid bus: A bus that combines an engine with electric propulsion or energy storage. Frequent stopping allows it to recover braking energy and reduce fuel use.
Ferdinand Porsche: An Austrian automotive engineer and designer who developed early electric and hybrid vehicles. His early work included the Lohner-Porsche mixed-drive vehicle.
Regenerative braking: A braking method that converts a vehicle’s kinetic energy into electrical energy for storage or immediate use. It recovers energy that conventional brakes would dissipate as heat.
Mild hybrid: A hybrid vehicle whose electric motor assists the engine but cannot usually propel the vehicle alone. It contrasts with full hybrids that can drive on electric power alone in some conditions.
Hybrid locomotive: A locomotive that combines an engine with an electrical energy-storage or generation system. It applies hybrid energy management to rail traction and braking.
Lohner-Porsche: An early automobile designed by Ferdinand Porsche with electric wheel motors and, in some versions, an engine-powered generator. It is a notable early example of combining combustion power generation with electric drive.
Power-split device: A drivetrain mechanism that divides engine power between mechanical drive and electrical generation. Some hybrids use it to blend engine and motor power without fixed gear changes.
Series hybrid: A hybrid configuration in which an engine generates electricity while an electric motor drives the wheels. It contrasts with designs that also send engine power mechanically to the wheels.

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