Hydration reaction

A chemical reaction that adds water across a bond or incorporates water into a compound. In organic chemistry, it commonly adds the elements of water across a carbon–carbon double bond.

Electrophilic addition: A reaction class in which an electrophile and then a nucleophile add across a multiple bond. Many acid-catalyzed alkene hydrations proceed by electrophilic addition.
Alkene: A hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon–carbon double bond. Alkenes are common substrates for hydration across a carbon–carbon double bond.
Ethanol: A two-carbon alcohol used as a solvent, fuel, and beverage alcohol. Industrial hydration of ethene is one route to producing ethanol.
Dehydration reaction: A reaction that removes water from a compound or forms water as a product. Dehydration often reverses a hydration reaction, such as alcohol conversion to an alkene.
Acid-catalyzed hydration: An alkene addition reaction in which acid catalysis adds water to form an alcohol. This is the standard mechanism for adding water across an alkene double bond.
Alcohol (chemistry): An organic compound containing a hydroxyl group bonded to a saturated carbon atom. Many organic hydration reactions convert an alkene into an alcohol.
Ethene: The simplest alkene, with formula C₂H₄ and one carbon–carbon double bond. Direct catalytic hydration converts ethene into ethanol.
Hydrolysis: A reaction in which water breaks a chemical bond, often yielding two products. Hydrolysis consumes water to cleave bonds rather than simply add its elements across one.
Oxymercuration–demercuration: A two-step alkene hydration method that forms an alcohol without carbocation rearrangement. It gives Markovnikov addition while avoiding rearrangements possible in acid catalysis.
Carbonyl group: A functional group consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to oxygen. Water can add to carbonyl compounds to form geminal diols.

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