Hydraulic brake

A brake system that uses pressurized fluid to transmit force from a control to braking components. In vehicles, it commonly presses pads against a disc or shoes against a drum.

Pascal's law: Pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished throughout the fluid and to its container walls. It explains how pressure from the master cylinder reaches each wheel cylinder or caliper.
Brake pedal: A foot-operated lever that lets a driver command braking in a vehicle. It supplies the input force and travel that the master cylinder converts into pressure.
Mechanical brake: A brake system that transmits control force through mechanical parts such as cables, rods, or levers. It transmits input mechanically rather than through pressurized fluid.
Disc brake: A friction brake that slows a rotating disc by pressing pads against its faces. Hydraulic actuation is widely used to clamp pads in vehicle disc brakes.
Brake fade: A reduction in braking effectiveness caused by heat or other conditions during repeated or sustained braking. Heat can reduce friction and, in severe cases, boil fluid and compromise hydraulic response.
Master cylinder: A hydraulic cylinder that converts pedal or lever motion into fluid pressure in a brake circuit. It creates the pressure that begins the system's force transmission.
Brake line: A rigid tube or flexible hose that carries brake fluid between hydraulic components. It routes pressurized fluid from the master cylinder to the wheel brakes.
Pneumatic brake: A brake system that uses compressed air to actuate braking components. Heavy vehicles often use air pressure instead of hydraulic fluid to operate their brakes.
Bicycle hydraulic brake: A bicycle brake that uses fluid pressure to move pads against a rim or disc. It applies the same pressure-transmission principle in a compact, hand-operated system.
Brake fluid contamination: The presence of water, debris, or incompatible substances in brake fluid. Contamination can lower fluid boiling point, corrode components, or impair pressure transmission.

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