Hydrochloric acid

Hydrochloric acid is hydrogen chloride dissolved in water. It is a strong acid that dissociates extensively into hydronium and chloride ions, making it corrosive and highly reactive.

Hydrogen chloride: Hydrogen chloride is a colorless gas composed of hydrogen and chlorine atoms; dissolved in water, it forms hydrochloric acid. It is the molecular substance whose dissolution produces this acid.
Steel pickling: Steel pickling is the removal of oxide scale from steel surfaces using an acidic solution. Hydrochloric acid removes scale before steel is coated, formed, or otherwise processed.
Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory: Brønsted–Lowry theory defines acids as proton donors and bases as proton acceptors. Hydrogen chloride acts as a proton donor when it dissolves in water.
Acetic acid: Acetic acid is a weak carboxylic acid, CH₃COOH, and the principal acid in vinegar. Unlike hydrochloric acid, it only partially ionizes in water.
Corrosion: Corrosion is the deterioration of a material through chemical or electrochemical reactions with its environment. Hydrochloric acid corrodes many metals and can damage other materials.
Acid dissociation constant: An acid dissociation constant quantifies how readily an acid donates protons in solution. Its very large dissociation in water accounts for hydrochloric acid's strong-acid behavior.
Oil well acidizing: Oil well acidizing is a treatment that injects acid into rock to improve fluid flow through a well. Hydrochloric acid dissolves carbonate minerals around wells to open flow paths.
pH: pH is a logarithmic measure related to the activity of hydrogen ions in a solution. It describes the acidity of hydrochloric acid solutions, though concentration alone does not determine exact pH.
Sulfuric acid: Sulfuric acid is a strong diprotic mineral acid with formula H₂SO₄. It is another major industrial mineral acid, but can donate two protons and has distinct dehydrating properties.
Chemical burn: A chemical burn is tissue injury caused by contact with a corrosive or otherwise damaging substance. Contact with concentrated hydrochloric acid can cause severe skin and eye burns.

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