Hydrogen bromide

Hydrogen bromide (HBr) is a colorless diatomic gas composed of hydrogen and bromine. Dissolved in water, it forms hydrobromic acid, a strong acid.

Hydrogen bromide bond: The polar covalent bond between hydrogen and bromine atoms in an HBr molecule. Bond polarity helps explain HBr’s physical properties and behavior in water.
Hydrobromination: The addition of hydrogen bromide across a carbon–carbon multiple bond. This reaction uses HBr to convert alkenes or alkynes into brominated products.
Hydrogen: The chemical element with atomic number 1, whose simplest atom contains one proton and one electron. Hydrogen supplies one atom to each HBr molecule.
Phosphorus tribromide: A covalent compound, PBr3, used as a reagent to convert alcohols into alkyl bromides. Its reaction with water is a common laboratory route for generating hydrobromic acid.
Hydrobromic acid: The aqueous solution of hydrogen bromide, a strong acid that dissociates extensively into ions. Dissolving HBr in water produces this strongly acidic solution.
Markovnikov's rule: A rule predicting the orientation of addition reactions to unsymmetrical alkenes. It often predicts which carbon receives bromine during ionic HBr addition.
Bromine: The chemical element with atomic number 35, a halogen that is liquid at room temperature. Bromine supplies the other atom and characteristic halogen chemistry in HBr.
Sulfur dioxide process: An industrial method that produces hydrogen bromide by reacting bromine with sulfur dioxide and water. This process demonstrates how bromine can be converted into HBr at scale.
Acid dissociation constant: A quantitative measure of an acid’s strength in a specified solvent. HBr’s acid strength in water is reflected by its extensive ionization.
Anti-Markovnikov addition: An addition pattern in which the substituent attaches to the less substituted carbon of an unsymmetrical alkene. Peroxide-initiated radical addition of HBr can reverse the usual regiochemical outcome.

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