Hydrogen storage

Hydrogen storage is the containment of hydrogen for later use. Methods include compressed gas, cryogenic liquid, and materials that absorb or bind hydrogen.

Compressed hydrogen: Hydrogen gas stored at high pressure in a vessel. Compression raises hydrogen density without changing its chemical form.
Compressed natural gas: Natural gas stored under pressure, chiefly for use as a fuel. Its pressure-vessel approach resembles compressed hydrogen, but the stored fuel has different properties.
Hydrogen vehicle: A vehicle that uses hydrogen as an energy source, commonly in a fuel cell. Vehicle tanks must store enough hydrogen while meeting strict mass, volume, and safety constraints.
Hydrogen: The chemical element with atomic number 1, normally present as diatomic molecules in ordinary conditions. Its low molecular mass and small molecules shape containment and storage challenges.
Liquid hydrogen: Hydrogen cooled below its boiling point and stored as a cryogenic liquid. Liquefaction increases density but requires insulation and continuous heat management.
Liquefied natural gas: Natural gas cooled into liquid form for storage and transport. It shares cryogenic storage challenges with liquid hydrogen but liquefies at a much higher temperature.
Fuel cell: An electrochemical device that converts a fuel and oxidant into electricity. Fuel cells consume hydrogen from storage to supply electrical power.
Volumetric energy density: The amount of energy stored per unit volume of a fuel or storage system. Hydrogen’s low volumetric energy density makes tank volume a major design constraint.
Metal hydride: A compound in which hydrogen is chemically bonded to a metal or alloy. Some metal hydrides store hydrogen reversibly and release it when heated or pressure changes.
Ammonia: A nitrogen-and-hydrogen compound used in fertilizers, chemicals, and as a potential energy carrier. Ammonia can transport hydrogen chemically, but using it requires synthesis or decomposition.

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