Hydron

A hydron is a positively charged ion of hydrogen, including ions of protium, deuterium, and tritium. The term distinguishes the general class from a proton, which is specifically a protium nucleus.

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Hydrogen: Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1, whose atoms have one proton and usually one electron. Hydrons are positively charged forms of hydrogen atoms or nuclei.
Ionization energy: Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion in the gas phase. It quantifies the energy needed to produce a hydron from a neutral hydrogen atom.
pH: pH is a logarithmic measure related to the activity of hydrogen ions in a solution. It expresses solution acidity through hydron activity rather than simply counting bare ions.
Proton: A proton is a positively charged particle found in atomic nuclei and is the nucleus of protium. A proton is only the protium hydron, not the deuterium or tritium ions.
Protium: Protium is the most abundant hydrogen isotope, with one proton and no neutrons in its nucleus. Its positive ion is the familiar proton, one member of the hydron family.
Hydron transfer: Hydron transfer is the movement of a hydrogen nucleus between chemical species. Many acid–base reactions are described as transfer of the positively charged hydrogen nucleus.
Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory: Brønsted–Lowry theory defines acids as hydron donors and bases as hydron acceptors. Its central reaction is the transfer of a hydron between chemical species.
Hydrogen atom: A hydrogen atom is a neutral atom with one proton and one electron, with a neutron count that depends on its isotope. Unlike a hydron, a neutral hydrogen atom retains its electron.
Deuterium: Deuterium is a stable hydrogen isotope whose nucleus contains one proton and one neutron. Removing its electron gives a hydron heavier than a proton.
Hydronium: Hydronium is the positively charged H₃O⁺ ion formed when water binds a hydron. In water, an added hydron associates with a water molecule rather than remaining bare.