Hydrostatic pressure

Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted by a fluid at rest. In a uniform gravitational field, it increases with depth according to the fluid’s density and gravity.

Hydrostatic equilibrium: A state in which pressure gradients balance body forces, leaving a fluid at rest. Its pressure-balance equation explains how hydrostatic pressure varies with height.
Pressure: Force distributed over an area, measured in pascals in the SI system. Hydrostatic pressure is one physical setting in which pressure is evaluated.
Manometer: An instrument that determines pressure by measuring the height difference of a fluid column. Its column height converts pressure differences into hydrostatic pressure differences.
Hydrodynamic pressure: Pressure associated with fluid motion, often considered alongside velocity-dependent effects. Fluid motion introduces effects absent from the static pressure-depth relation.
Fluid statics: The branch of fluid mechanics concerned with fluids at rest and the forces within them. Hydrostatic pressure is a central quantity in the study of stationary fluids.
Fluid density: Mass per unit volume of a fluid, commonly expressed in kilograms per cubic metre. Greater density produces a larger pressure increase over the same depth.
Hydrostatic testing: A test that uses pressurized liquid to check vessels or pipes for leaks and strength. The test relies on controlled liquid pressure, which varies with elevation.
Dynamic pressure: A quantity equal to one-half fluid density times speed squared, describing kinetic energy per unit volume. It depends on flow speed rather than depth in a motionless fluid.
Pascal's law: A pressure change applied to a confined fluid is transmitted undiminished throughout the fluid. It describes how imposed pressure adds to the depth-dependent hydrostatic pressure.
Gravitational acceleration: The acceleration caused by gravity at a location, approximately 9.81 metres per second squared near Earth's surface. The local gravitational field sets the rate at which pressure increases with depth.

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