Hydrostatics

Hydrostatics is the study of fluids at rest and the pressures and forces they exert. It explains pressure variation with depth, buoyancy, and equilibrium in connected fluids.

Hydrostatic pressure: Pressure exerted by a stationary fluid because of its weight. Its increase with depth is the central pressure law of hydrostatics.
Fluid mechanics: The study of fluids at rest and in motion and the forces acting on them. Hydrostatics is its branch concerned specifically with fluids at rest.
Hydrostatic paradox: The result that liquid pressure at a vessel's bottom depends on depth and area, not the vessel's shape or total liquid volume. It shows why oddly shaped vessels can exert the same bottom pressure at equal liquid depth.
Fluid dynamics: The study of fluids in motion and the forces associated with their motion. It treats moving fluids, whereas hydrostatics excludes bulk flow.
Pascal's law: A pressure change applied to a confined fluid is transmitted undiminished throughout the fluid and its container. It explains how applied pressure is conveyed through a stationary confined fluid.
Density: Mass per unit volume of a substance. Fluid density determines how rapidly pressure rises with depth.
Hydrostatic weighing: A method of estimating body density by comparing a person's weight in air and underwater. It uses buoyant force to infer the volume and average density of a body.
Hydrodynamics: The study of liquids in motion and the forces involved in their flow. It is the liquid-flow counterpart to the stationary-fluid problems of hydrostatics.
Archimedes' principle: An immersed body experiences an upward buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces. It derives buoyancy from the pressure difference across an immersed object's surface.
Pressure: Force acting perpendicular to a surface per unit area. Hydrostatic pressure is a fluid-specific case of this general physical quantity.

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