Hylonomus

Hylonomus is an extinct genus of small amniotes from the Late Carboniferous. Its fossils were preserved in fossilized tree stumps in Nova Scotia, Canada.

Joggins Fossil Cliffs: A fossil-rich coastal section of Carboniferous rock in Nova Scotia, Canada. Hylonomus fossils were found in fossilized tree stumps at this site.
Amniota: The vertebrate group whose embryos develop within an amnion, including reptiles, birds, and mammals. Hylonomus is classified among the earliest known members of this group.
Hylonomus lyelli: The type species of Hylonomus, named from Late Carboniferous fossils in Nova Scotia. This species anchors the genus and its familiar fossil record.
Early amniote: An amniote that lived near the beginning of the group's evolutionary history. Hylonomus is frequently cited among the oldest known examples, though the record is incomplete.
Carboniferous: A geologic period lasting from about 359 to 299 million years ago. Hylonomus lived during the Late Carboniferous.
Amniotic egg: An egg with extraembryonic membranes that protect and nourish an embryo on land. The reproductive innovation defining amniotes helps explain their independence from water for breeding.
Dendrerpeton: An extinct Carboniferous tetrapod genus known from fossils at Joggins, Nova Scotia. Its remains occur in the same fossil-bearing deposits as Hylonomus.
Amniote phylogeny: The evolutionary relationships among living and extinct amniotes. Its position among early branches depends on interpreting fragmentary fossils.
Coal forest: A humid tropical forest ecosystem that flourished across parts of the Carboniferous world. The tree-stump deposits preserving Hylonomus formed within ancient forest environments.
Tetrapod: A vertebrate with four limbs or descended from an ancestor with four limbs. Hylonomus belonged to the broader land-vertebrate lineage of tetrapods.

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