Knowra Hyperventilation Hyperventilation Hyperventilation is alveolar ventilation exceeding the body's carbon dioxide production, lowering arterial carbon dioxide and usually raising blood pH.
Alveolar ventilation : The volume of fresh gas reaching the lung alveoli per unit time. Hyperventilation is defined by alveolar ventilation relative to carbon dioxide production.
Panic attack : A sudden episode of intense fear accompanied by physical symptoms such as palpitations and breathlessness. Panic can trigger excessive ventilation and acute hypocapnia.
Arterial blood gas test : A blood test measuring oxygen, carbon dioxide, and acidity, usually from an artery. It can demonstrate low PaCO₂ and assess the associated pH change.
Cerebral vasoconstriction : Narrowing of blood vessels in the brain that reduces cerebral blood flow. Low carbon dioxide constricts cerebral vessels and can contribute to lightheadedness.
Tachypnea : An abnormally rapid breathing rate, without specifying ventilation or carbon dioxide levels. Fast breathing alone does not establish that alveolar ventilation exceeds carbon dioxide production.
Carbon dioxide : A colorless gas produced by cellular metabolism and transported in blood for exhalation. Exhaling carbon dioxide faster than metabolism produces it lowers arterial levels.
Diabetic ketoacidosis : A life-threatening diabetic emergency marked by ketone accumulation, metabolic acidosis, and dehydration. Deep, rapid compensatory breathing may resemble hyperventilation but responds to metabolic acidosis.
Capnography : Continuous measurement and display of carbon dioxide concentration in exhaled breath. End-tidal carbon dioxide often falls when ventilation is excessive.
Paresthesia : An abnormal sensation such as tingling, prickling, or numbness without an obvious external cause. Alkalosis during hyperventilation can contribute to tingling sensations.
Dyspnea : The subjective sensation of difficult or uncomfortable breathing. Breathlessness can occur without hyperventilation, and hyperventilation can occur without perceived breathlessness.
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