Hypomagnesemia

Hypomagnesemia is an abnormally low concentration of magnesium in the blood. It can disrupt nerve, muscle, and heart function, especially when severe.

Magnesium homeostasis: The regulation of magnesium absorption, distribution, storage, and excretion in the body. Kidney handling and intestinal uptake determine whether magnesium levels remain adequate.
Serum magnesium test: A blood test that measures the concentration of magnesium in serum. It is the standard test for identifying low circulating magnesium.
Magnesium: A chemical element and essential mineral involved in hundreds of biochemical reactions in the body. Its circulating concentration is what is abnormally low in this condition.
Hypermagnesemia: An abnormally high concentration of magnesium in the blood. It is the opposite blood-magnesium abnormality and has different causes and effects.
Renal magnesium wasting: Excessive urinary magnesium loss caused by impaired kidney reabsorption or other renal processes. It lowers blood magnesium even when dietary intake is sufficient.
Magnesium sulfate: An inorganic magnesium salt used medically to replace magnesium and treat several conditions. Intravenous magnesium sulfate is used for severe or symptomatic deficiency.
Electrolyte: A substance that forms electrically charged particles when dissolved in water. Magnesium is an electrolyte that helps regulate cellular and neuromuscular activity.
Magnesium deficiency: A state in which the body's magnesium stores or supply are inadequate for physiological needs. Low blood magnesium is one indicator of deficiency, but blood levels do not fully measure total stores.
Intestinal magnesium absorption: The uptake of dietary magnesium by the small and large intestines. Poor absorption can deplete the body's magnesium supply.
Oral magnesium supplementation: The use of magnesium-containing preparations by mouth to increase magnesium intake or restore levels. Oral replacement commonly treats mild deficiency when absorption is adequate.

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