Iberism

Iberism is a political movement advocating closer relations or political union between Spain and Portugal, sometimes through a united Iberian state.

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Sinibaldo de Mas: A nineteenth-century Catalan diplomat and writer who argued for political union between Spain and Portugal. His 1851 book is a landmark statement of Iberian unionism.
José Saramago: A Portuguese novelist and Nobel laureate who proposed that Portugal and Spain might eventually form a single political entity. His late-life comments revived public discussion of Iberian political union.
Iberian federalism: A proposal for a federal political union of Iberian territories that preserves substantial regional autonomy. It offers a unionist model distinct from a centralized Iberian state.
Portugal–Spain relations: The diplomatic, economic, and social relationship between Portugal and Spain. Bilateral cooperation is a practical alternative to the movement's more ambitious political aims.
La Iberia: A Spanish liberal newspaper published in Madrid from 1854 to 1898. It became a prominent press venue for Iberian unionist arguments.
Antero de Quental: A Portuguese poet and intellectual associated with the Generation of 1870. He advocated Iberian federation as part of a broader program of political and social renewal.
Iberianism in Portugal: Portuguese political and cultural responses to proposals for closer union with Spain. Portuguese versions of Iberism often emphasize sovereignty and resistance to absorption.
Iberian identity: A sense of shared belonging associated with the peoples and cultures of the Iberian Peninsula. The movement depends on whether shared regional identity can coexist with national loyalties.
Iberian Union: The dynastic union of the Portuguese and Spanish crowns from 1580 to 1640. Its historical memory shaped arguments for and against a modern union.
Teófilo Braga: A Portuguese writer and politician who became the first president of the Portuguese Republic. He supported republican and federalist ideas connected to Iberian unity.